Friday, August 28, 2020

Consider H.L.a Harts Critique of Austin Positivist Theory Essay Example For Students

Consider H.L.a Harts Critique of Austin Positivist Theory Essay The centrality of the basic intelligent mentality is then talked about and, at last, the human science of optional standards will be inspected. This paper will presume that, while Hart implanted his hypothesis with humanism trying to bypass what he saw as the prohibitive idea of Justinian formalism, he stayed consistent with the center precepts of positivism, and, at last, elucidated a positivist hypothesis, not a human science, of law. Finding or planning meanings of the ideas talked about thus, for example, positivism or human science of law, is troublesome. For instance, lawful positivism Has been differently developed and Hows indications of over the top pluralism and hypothetical fracture So a lot with the goal that nothing we can say about lit] can be consented to by all positivists. 1 Yet such definitions are essential so as to put Harts hypothesis on the hypothetical range. Given that this paper is worried about these ideas at a general level, figuring out where Harts hypothesis lies in the broadest sense, general definitions Will get the job done. Cottrell Offers such a definition-2 He recommends a qualification among regulating and observational speculations of law, comparing to jurisprudential hypotheses and humanist of law individually. The previous is a hypothesis which looks to clarify the character of law exclusively in the particulars of legitimate tenet *and other lawful the last tries to clarify the character of law as far as verifiable and social conditions and treats Law as Explicable as far as their social starting points and impacts. 4 Razz5 meaning of positivism is useful as it tries to distinguish the embodiment of conventional positivist speculations, as opposed to a specific_ definition. 5 Razz noticed that significant theories have been customarily connected with legitimate positivism the reductive semantic proposition, which proposes a reductive investigation of lawful apartments as per which they are Nan-standardizing, expressive 1 2 Lets, H. L_A Harts Conception of Law Clearinghouse Review 187-194, 187. Co ttrell, The Sociological Concept of Law (1983) 1 CO of L Society 241-255, 241. Notwithstanding, note Moore, Description and Analysis in the Concept of Law: a Response to Stephen Perry (2002) 8 Legal Theory 91-114, 99 recommending that even Cottrell general system might be unhelpful. 34 S Ibid. On the same page. Razz, the Purity Of the Pure Theory in Opener, Shift and Nobles (des), Introduction to Jurisprudence and Legal Theory: Commentary and Materials (LIP, Oxford 2005) 202. tenements;6 the unforeseen association proposal, which expresses that there is no vital association among law and good the sources theory, that the recognizable proof of the presence and substance of law doesn't expect resort to any ethical contention. 8 Freeman proposes that sociological speculations of law by and large include a dismissal tot the uniqueness tot law and tot law as a shut legitimate request, an attention on the law in real life and utilization of sociological techniques. G Harts Descriptive Sociology Claim A conspicuous beginning stage for this evaluation is Harts famous 1 0 expectation, communicated in the introduction to The Concept of Law, 1 that his work may likewise be useful to those whose main interests are in Sociology, instead of in Ian/and that *notwithstanding its anxiety with investigation the book may likewise be viewed as a paper in graphic humanism. 12 Adding to the definitional summons plot above, Hart neglects to characterize what he implied by engaging human science. As Krieger notes, *a+ thoughtful pundit can be wary about the case Because the possibility Of a distinct human science Of law isn't created, 13 proposing that maybe Harts inability to characterize expressive human science itself shows that he was not very worried about this part Of his rush. Unmistakably Hart was alluding to a subset of human science by and large and it is adequate along these lines to decide if Harts hypothesis is sociological in the more broad sense recognized by Cottrell. There are three points from which to move toward Harts guarantee to unmistakable humanism: the first is printed, breaking down the definition of Harts guarantee; the second is true to life, looking to Harts foundation trying to perceive whether he was truly dedicated to his sociological case; the third is a diagram of the way that Harts hypothesis took, determining whether he finished his case. With respect to the main methodology, while staying mindful of the peril of putting too fine a point on Harts selection of words to the detriment of understanding his general venture, it ought to be horn as a primary concern that Hart said his work nay also14 he thought about a work tot spellbinding human science, proposing that it was 6 7 8 9 Ibid. In the same place. In the same place. Freeman, Law and Sociologyâ « (2005) 8 Current Legal Issues I-IS, I _ Twining, Saucer on Hart (2006) I Gig Harvard L R Forum 122-130, 127. Hart, The Concept of Law (second Eden JPG, Oxford 1994). In the same place prelude. Krieger, The Concept of Law and Social Theory (1982) 2(2) OILS 155-180, 157 Hart (n I) accentuation included). 1011 121314 essentially expected to be a work Of statute that could be deciphered in a sociological light. He additionally expressed that his hypothesis might be of use15 to different orders, recommending that, While sociologists and anthropologists could pick up bits of knowledge from his work, to reword Krieger, he was not doing what they do . 16 Lacey has composed broadly on Harts life, 17 and her perceptions Harts foundation light up the degree to which Hart proposed to participate in humanism. She noticed that, given the low status of the sociologies at that point, 8 that Hart was a thinker via preparing just as by most profound aura, 19 and considering his analysis of sociological method,20 his case is astounding. Be that as it may, as Hart was never a man to utilize words lightly,21 Lacey presumes that we should accept that the Prefaces guarantee was a viewed as one. 22 Hart who held an Axon animosity towards sociology23 (however he lamented this later)24 would not have made this irregular case had he not completely planned to do as such. Harts assurance to move past the theoretically inflexible positivists of Austin and Kelsey25 compellingly affirms that we should take Harts guarantee thoroughly, Harts broad assault on Austin was somewhat founded on Harts declaration that Sustains formalism was unduly prohibitive. It is with regards to taking care of this issue the human science in Harts account emerges, as laws social being to uncover the deficiency of the prevailing positivist origination of that of Austin. In the preface to The Concept of Law, Hart communicates his desire to part from Justinian etymological examination by alluding to the social setting of words. 27 Nevertheless, Hart despite everything accentuates, citing Austin, utilizing a honed attention to words to hone our impression of the wonders. 28 516 1718 19 2021 222324 Ibid (accentuation included). Krieger (n 13) 159. Lacey, A Life of HAL Hart: The Nightmare and the Noble Dream (POP, Oxford 2004). Lacey, Analytical law versus illustrative human science returned to (2006) 84(4) Texas L R 945-982, 948. In the same place 948. In the same place. On the same page. In the same place. Twining (n 10). See D Sugarcane, Hart Interviewed: H. L. A. Hart in Conversation with David sugarcane (2005) FL society 267-293, 25 26 27 28 Lacey (n 18) 949. Fitzpatrick. The Mythology of Modern Law (Rutledge, London 1992) 6. Hart (n 11). In the same place. Harts expectation seems both confounded and befuddling, at the same time, by and large his aim id not give off an impression of being to offer a humanism of law: he was not aiming to clarify the character of law as far as chronicled and social conditions. 29 Hart expresses that his work is fundamentally intended for the understudy of jurisprudence30 and stresses the significance of investigation and semantic way of thinking. Harts philosophical foundation and introductory scorn for human science further accentuation this. All things considered, unmistakably Hart would not have alluded to human science had he not expected to utilize it here and there. A t last corresponding to the introduction, it must be viewed as Whether Hart really took care of this case. In such manner Fitzpatrick draws Hart along a sociological drift,32 contending that a promise to human science would have driven Hart along an alternate way. Fitzpatrick contends that the hypothesis is with urgent illustration instead of sociolinguistic or sociological perception. 83 Weight is included by Lets, who mourns the theoretical phonetic convergence34 utilized by Hart, who expect that there is some semantic assembly about the utilization of legitimate as opposed to illustrating proof, Cottrell concurs this isn't unmistakable human science, theoretical way of thinking. 36 Lets goes further by declaring that the very demonstration that Hart is endeavoring to answer such constant questions37 as What are rules? Is as of now a stage away run the illustrative methodology Because are not comprised by ideals of something that can be portrayed however by something that puzzles us for non-exact reasons. 38 Lacey concurs, contending that the auxiliary highlights of Harts hypothesis, kept him from expanding upon his %sociological claim+ . 39 From this concise determination of reactions of Harts sociological case it very well may be seen that he had a lot to expound on if he somehow happened to meet the desires made by his announcement in the prelude. Ladies' Role in Society: D. H. Lawrence EssayHart keeps up the positivist sources proposal, as the presence and substance of his regular law exuding from human nines, and the unforeseen association proposition, as Hart doesn't recognize a vital association among law and profound quality, just that some ethical substance is unavoidable in any lawful framework with the social capacity stays one of encouraging human endurance, The Sociology of Secondary Rules Harts origination of a lawful framework as the association of essential and auxiliary principles is one more case of a sociological string in his hypothesis. Harts conversation is established in the social setting that he thought vital tort clarifying the law and he talks about this idea regarding the social circumstances of the person

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Perusing - Essay Example The authentic changes that have occurred throughout the hundreds of years have empowered creators to sureness and grab up what was comprehended as the missing connections of life and content (Mavor, 273). As indicated by Mavor, the article â€Å"Dearth of the Author,† was a piece of the power that impelled the change towards postmodernism The article Life Made Art, Art Made from Life by Miguel A. Medina, exhibits that there are numerous craftsmen whose craftsmanship can be known without references of their life stories. Be that as it may, there are different craftsmen whose work can't be isolated from their life. For this situation, their masterpieces are supported by a mind-blowing occasions. A third gathering of specialists is the gathering that rehearses confession booth craftsmanship, in this article the most extraordinary instance of confession booth workmanship is finished by Tracey Emin. Emin’s aesthetic creation rotates around her background and has transformed her life into an open showcase. As per Medina, so as to comprehend the truthfulness and truth in the confession booth craftsmanship done by Emin, one needs to comprehend confession booth culture (Medina, 58). Furthermore, imagination in Emin’s work of art is propelled by her fixations and she utilizes painting, monotypes, neon, quilts, fil ms, establishments photos, and books (Medina,

Friday, August 21, 2020

Water Balance Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Water Balance - Lab Report Example The vegetation and close to costal geology of Berkeley is distinctive when contrasted with the sloping mainland Terre Haute which prior had an encouraging water stockpiling with a more extended period. Moist and sight-seeing with high weight describe Berkeley, which has dry and hot seasons. The sign to this is through the precipitation levels, which are precipitations short of what one centimeter in the locale during summer and up to 10 centimeters ascend in precipitation in a similar district during winter. This just implies there is an ascent in precipitation during winter and a fall during summer. This movements center to the prior referenced vegetation, which can just make due in each area in turn. When contrasted with a low-lying waterfront stretch California, Indiana has high height levels meaning the climatic changes in the two districts vary. Precipitation come due to the sticky breezes that blow from the seas as a result of vanishing that constantly occur in seas. At the point when vanishing happens in the seas, winds blowing gather the water in muggy structure in this way realizing precipitation. The last explanation recommends that without twists there can be no precipitation clarifying why precipitation is less in dry territories yet high in sodden and frigid regions. There is a higher probability of Evapotranspiration occurring realized by high weight and temperatures. The two figures clarify that when there are high speeds of wind, precipitation goes high and the other way around. Along these lines, during the months or November to walk when the breeze speeds are somewhat higher than different months, the precipitation levels are high. It is during the long stretches of November to walk that high temperature levels power water to go to fume which rises to the air and falls as regular precipitation after buildup. Science clarifies that when water climbs regarding fume it

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

How Long Is a Term Paper?

How Long Is a Term Paper?There are many different ways that you can answer the question how long is a term paper. You will have many different answers to this question depending on your personal preference, your teacher's opinion and your future plans. However, if you are currently in college and preparing for your career, you may be surprised at how short term a term paper can be.In today's economy, it is very hard to get a job because there are so many positions that offer very low salaries. If you don't plan on taking a permanent job after graduation, you will want to focus on a few things in your life. The most important thing you can do is to work on building up your resume so that you can begin your career search when the right job comes along.If you are currently working for a company or are a highly qualified person, they will not be able to afford to hire you on a permanent basis. This can be very difficult for them, but you can use this time to plan out your future. You wil l want to focus on getting a quality education for yourself and for your future employer. If you are a good worker, then you will find it easier to get better pay in the future.When your employer does bring you on, you will want to start focusing on the future and what you can do to get into a better paying position. You will want to find out what their requirements are, if they are willing to allow you to leave your current job if the right position comes along, and of course, how long will it take to learn the job.You will need to develop your own qualifications for the position so that you will know exactly what you will be expected to accomplish during specific times during the day. If you come into the school with excellent grades, then it will be easier for you to get into a higher paying position in less time.If you take advantage of any student financial aid, it will make it easier for you to find out how long is a term paper. However, these loans can get expensive if you fa il to qualify for them. This is why it is important to take every step possible to get the education that you will need in order to get a good job.Help is available for all kinds of people, so it is important to utilize every tool that you have. You need to understand that you have to research your options so that you will know what you are going to get paid. All you have to do is find a good career guide and stay on top of your school work so that you will have a solid foundation for what is to come.

Friday, May 15, 2020

Article Review Differentiating Curriculum and Instruction...

The article being discussed is: Differentiating Curriculum and Instruction for English-Language Learners with Special Needs by John J. Hoover and James R. Patton. The stated purpose of the article is teaching and curriculum, specifically the need to adapt both for ELLs who are exceptional. This article gave suggestions of how best to adapt teaching methods and curriculum to the needs of ELLs, as well as how to solve problems that may arise. The article opened by discussing some major problems ELLs have in the education system, specifically with special education. The continual use of standardized tests in assessing ELLs is a problem because these tests often underestimate students’ academic potential and progress. Because of the unfair†¦show more content†¦All of curriculum decisions should factor in the family and their values. According to the article, there are many other important factors when implementing instruction. Gender roles may differ depending on family a nd cultural expectations and responsibilities, these differences should always be taken into account in both the curriculum and when monitoring a student’s interpersonal relationships. Understanding the different disciplines of different families and cultures is very important in judging a student’s interaction and when guiding a student. Other important factors to remember are: the different importance placed on time, as well as religious, health, and cultural customs. It is important to respect all parts of a student’s family and cultural values and observances. The article did a very good job bringing up the problems with a standardized test; there are far too many differences in an ELL student with special needs to have a standardized goal that encompasses all students. The point about the many key principles being the focus of education, not a program, was a very important point. If a teacher tries to find a program to solve all her student’s problem s,Show MoreRelatedTeaching Methods Based On Teaching English Language Learners4053 Words   |  17 Pagesteaching English Language Learners (ELLs). I analyzed two available solutions: the scaffolding teaching method and the differentiated instruction teaching method. I evaluated both teaching methods based on the flexibility in regards to allowing students’ needs to be met, ease of implementation of each teaching strategy into the classroom, and effectiveness of how of each method helps the students learn and complete what is required of them. My research methodology began with researching who English LanguageRead MoreLearning Disabilities And How It Affects People And The Way They Learn Essay1888 Words   |  8 Pagesstudents, classify them as â€Å"special education,† and place them in special education classes outside of the general curriculum. This often resulted in these students being singled out with a negative stigma and the students, both those with disabilities and those without, not receiving as high a quality of education as they could have been. Today, it is much more common to see an inclusion classroom in schools. An inclusion classroom is a general education classroom with both special education students andRead MoreEvaluation Of A Student Profile Report Essay1687 Words   |  7 PagesAssessment Items – Week 6 ROBIN L. ELLINGTON – CURRICULUM 245 – CAM WONG For the objective of this assignment I will be reflecting from three student profile reports; â€Å"Sample A, Sample B, Sample C† (attached) generated through a program called i-Ready from Curriculum Associates along with my personal experiences and personal internet research of the i-Ready program and developers; Curriculum Associates, in addition to alignment with the California Frameworks for Mathematics; Assessments. TheRead MoreAction Research for Esl Students5641 Words   |  23 PagesRunning Head: Issues Regarding English as a Second Action Research Proposal 1 Issues Regarding English as a Second Language Student in the Classroom Clifford J. Thomas Grand Canyon University UNV 530 July 18, 2012 Running Head: Issues Regarding English as a Second Action Research Proposal 2 Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Page Problem StatementRead MoreJoyful Noise : Poems For Two Voices, Mayflies P. 15414 Words   |  22 PagesChildren’s Book promote cross-curricular learning 1. Joyful Noise: Poems for Two Voices, Mayflies p. 8, by Paul Fleischman’s Newbery Medal winner. Poetry encourages reading and the development of oral language. Writing poems provide techniques in writing, and enrich experiences across the curriculum. (Poetry) 2. Wake Up, It’s Spring! By Lisa Campbell Ernst (fiction) Scholastic Award 3. The Very Hungry Caterpillar by Eric Carle, winner of the American Institute of Graphic Arts Award, Best Children’sRead MoreEssay about Types of Assessment Test3590 Words   |  15 Pagesassessment first, and then how it is scored, then its limitations and then reliability. Not sure how many you need to compare so I will give you all that I am aware of and have used in the past. Formative Assessment- This type of assessment assesses students prior to introducing a new concept to see how much background knowledge they actually have on the subject and how much more they will need to learn. This assessment makes it easier to determine what and what does not work to be eliminated. AnythingRead MoreEssay on Case Study3465 Words   |  14 Pagesï » ¿ Faculty of Education EDC2400 Assignment 2 Case Study Choose one case study and write an academic essay. PART A = Identify the educational needs of the class/training group. Use these educational needs as the basis (headings) for outlining classroom practice, including strategies, in order to accommodate the diverse learning needs of the entire class/training group. Strategies are to be of a detailed, practical and realistic nature. PART B = Name the Education Queensland (or relevantRead MoreMathematics : A Key Element For A Young Child s Learning Process5238 Words   |  21 PagesLiterature is a key element for a young child’s learning process. It can be essential in elementary students understanding of mathematics topics. Language arts, social studies, and science instruction commonly uses literature. At times it can be overlooked when teaching or planning lessons for mathematics. Mathematics instruction tends to have a high emphasis on using manipulatives or workbooks. Literature does not tend to be at the top of the resource list (Golden, 2012). While books can beRead MoreTitle: What does personalised learning mean in practice? Analyse the learning needs of EAL pupils, and those of SEN pupils.6874 Words   |  28 Pages Assignment TM1 Title: What does personalised learning mean in practice? Analyse the learning needs of EAL pupils, and those of SEN pupils. Discuss how the needs you identify can be met most effectively in subject teaching. Within this context over the past ten years’ the term ‘personalised learning’ gained political capital and could be considered as a defining feature of the UK’s educational system. (Miliband 2004) Personalised learning – theory and practice The Sussex report statesRead Moreptlls assignment Essay7948 Words   |  32 Pagesresponsibilities). Writing Essays and Referencing: Students must provide responses in essay form to each of these questions or â€Å"statements of competence (always starting with 1.1). The recommended word count for each essay is 200 words. Students do not need to worry if they exceed this word count or if they go under it by a few words on a few questions. It is important that a student does not â€Å"fixate† on word counts, but, rather that he or she focuses on the quality of their responses. Realistically,

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Understand the process and experience of dementia(DEM 301)

UNIT 365 UNDERSTAND THE PROCESS AND EXPERIENCE OF DEMENTIA 1.UNDERSTAND THE NEUROLOGY OF DEMENTIA 1.1Describe a range of causes of dementia syndrome. Dementia is a word used to describe a group of symptoms including memory loss, confusion , mood changes, and difficulty with day-to -day task. There are many causes of dementia wit Alzhaimer`s the most common. Alzhaimer`s disease-around 500.000 people in the UK have Alzhaimer`s.Scientists know that during Alzhaimer`s two abnormal proteins build in the brain. They form clumps called either plagues or tangles. Theses plagues and tangles interfere with how brain cells work and communicate wih each other. The plagues are usually first seen in the area of the brain that makes new†¦show more content†¦-the inability to judge time, thinking it is time to get up when it is the middle of the night. -forgetting where they live -becoming unaware of their surrondings -forgetting to take medication, thinking they have already taken it -forgetting their disability such as getting up to walk even thoug they are not able, which results in their falling -an inability to have empathy which could make the person appear selfish -personality changes-if previously extraverte, the could becom introverted and vice versa -the loss of social etiquette including making thoughtless comments, being rude or exhibiting sexual behaviours in public. 1.3 Explain the way that individuals process information with reference to the abilities and limitations of individuals with dementia. Memory refers to the processes that are used to acquire,store,retain and later retrive information. There are three major processes involved in memeory ; encoding,storage,retrieval. The collection of 100 bilion cells or neurons in the brain is divided into two halves, known as hemispheres. The right side of the brain is responsible for putting information together eg. information recived from eyes-if you see a flower information goes from eyes to the right side of your brain , firing neurons, putting information together so you are able to say I can see a flower.The left side of the brain analyses information which is collected by the right side of the brain. ItShow MoreRelatedDem 3012112 Words   |  9 PagesUnderstand the process and experience of dementia DEM 301 Outcome 1 Describe a range of causes of dementia syndrome. Alzheimers disease This is the most common cause of dementia. During the course of the disease, the chemistry and structure of the brain changes, leading to the death of brain cells. Vascular dementia If the oxygen supply to the brain fails, brain cells may die. The symptoms of vascular dementia can occur either suddenly, following a stroke, or over time, through a series of smallRead MoreDem301 Outcome 1 Essay2073 Words   |  9 PagesUnit Dem 301 1. There are many variations of dementia syndrome but there are certain causes that are more common. These are: Alzheimer’s: Scientists know that during Alzheimer’s two abnormal proteins build in the brain. They form clumps called either ‘plaques’ or ‘tangles’. These plaques and tangles interfere with how brain cells work and communicate with each other. The plaques are usually first seen in the area of the brain that makes new memories. A lot of research is focused on finding waysRead MoreUnderstand the Process and Experience of Dementia Essay3626 Words   |  15 PagesUnit 13: Understand the Process and Experience of Dementia Unit code: DEM 301 Unit reference number: J/601/3538 QCF level: 3 Credit value: 3 Guided learning hours: 22 Unit summary This unit provides the knowledge of the neurology of dementia to support the understanding of how individuals may experience dementia. Learners taking the Dementia pathway in the Edexcel Level 3 Diploma in Health and Social Care (Adults) for England must take this unit. Assessment requirements This unit mustRead MoreLeadership for Health and Social Care and Children65584 Words   |  263 Pageshealth and safety and risk management policies procedures and practices in health and social care or children and young people s settings (M1) 62 Working in partnership in health and social care or children and young people s settings (M2c) 66 Understand child and young person s development (MU5.2) 68 Lead practice that supports positive outcomes for child and young person development (MU5.3) 72 Develop and implement policies and procedures to support the safeguarding of children and young peopleRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesthings about Ennis Edmondss Rastafari: From Outcasts to Culture Bearers is that it correctly traces the connection between the emergence of Rastafarianism and the history of resistance and black consciousness that has been part of the Jamaican experience for years. The truth is that there has always been a committed Jamaican counter- culture that celebrates and sees redemption in Africa and rejects the European values that have oppressed a society. But prior to the advent of popular culture andRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesGuaranteeing Access to Essential Benefits rmajette on DSK29S0YB1PROD with BILLS Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. 221. 222. 223. 224. Coverage of essential benefits package. Essential benefits package defined. Health Benefits Advisory Committee. Process for adoption of recommendations; adoption of benefit standards. Subtitle D—Additional Consumer Protections Sec. 231. Requiring fair marketing practices by health insurers. †¢HR 3962 IH VerDate Nov 24 2008 12:56 Oct 30, 2009 Jkt 089200

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Lvmh Case Study free essay sample

The key question in this case is can LVMH continue to successfully manages of its different brands while making sure they are all profitable. I like the focus that the company puts on its â€Å"star brands†. Focusing on the brands that continue to grow and bring in profits will help the company stay profitable. While focusing on the star brands is a good strategy it is far from all that LVMH needs to do to be a successful conglomerate. It appears that in the fashion world human resources are the most valuable asset that a company can have, and LVMH needs to do a much better job treasuring these assets. The conglomerate damages its image and its profitability by mistreating its creative talent. The conglomerate’s image is damaged because key creative personnel, which in a sense are the face of the different brands, leave and publicize why they left which tarnishes the conglomerate’s image thus making it harder to attract the best talent in the market. We will write a custom essay sample on Lvmh Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The conglomerate’s profitability is jeopardized because they lose the designers that make the products that make the companies profitable. LVMH could strengthen their relationships with the smaller companies by creating incentive programs that not only compensate based on volume of sales but incentive programs that compensate based on sales growth and maintained profitability. With this new incentive program the company would have more opportunity to recognize the Michael Kors of the company. LVMH should focus more on economies of scope. In some cases like advertising it appears the conglomerate uses its size and power to reduce the cost to the individual companies; however I feel that the conglomerate could do much more to reduce costs and increase profits for the firms. They could be using their negotiating power to force suppliers into lower prices. They should encourage the individual companies to work together and provide ideas for each other this way they can strengthen relationships among the companies and create a more unified feel for the conglomerate. Finally LVMH should make sure that they are avoiding managerialism. They need to make sure the companies that are acquired are actually valuable to the conglomerate as a whole and that they are not cannibalizing profits from one or more of the current companies.

Wednesday, April 15, 2020

Treasure of the Sierra Madre Movie Review Essay Example For Students

Treasure of the Sierra Madre Movie Review Essay In the movie Treasure of the Sierra Madre, two down and out American ex-patriots in Tampico, Mexico, team up with an old prospector to look for gold. Throughout the movie, these three men are faced with various challenges. They must fight off bandits, try to survive in the wilderness and learn to tolerate and trust each other. The movie opens on the hands of a scraggly looking bum, dirty and scrounging, holding a lottery ticket. This man is later introduced as Dobbs. He is begging for money from richer looking men until he is given some. He takes the money and goes to the barbershop for a shave and a haircut. Dobbs then accepts a job for eight American dollars a day. When the job is finished, he and another guy the bum that he had met earlier on are not paid. The younger American, named Curtain asks Dobbs, how much money they had left between them, hoping it was enough to rent a bed somewhere. They find a place that they can afford and when they get there overhear someone talking. The old man, a scruffy toothless gold prospector named Howard is describing the adventurous hunt for gold. We will write a custom essay on Treasure of the Sierra Madre Movie Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Being half drunk and overtired, Dobbs cannot resist taking an interest in the conversation. He, Curtain, and Howard decide to pool their money together for a total of 500 dollars. Howard does not think it is enough to buy tools and such, but it will do. Just then, the little boy that Dobbs bought the lottery ticket from comes in exclaiming that Dobbs has won 200 pesos. This was enough, added to their other money to send them on their trip. They venture on and eventually find gold. What they find, they do not believe is gold, but sand. Only after closely inspecting it, are they sure it is truly genuine. A mysterious man follows Curtain from the village he was sent to for supplies back to their camp. He is introduces as Cody and wonders if he could be a partner. Curtain, Dobbs, and Howard figure that they have three options, send him away, kill him, or make him a partner. They decide send him away is useless and making him a partner is out of the question, death is the only option. Just then bandits attack and end up killing Cody. When looking through his belongings before burying him and find out that he has a wife and a child. They decide that it is time to pack up and leave with the $35,000 that they each have. They say goodbye to the mountain and start their way down. Curtain suggests that they give Codys widow a partners fourth and Howard agrees; Dobbs greedily resists. While they are arguing, a group of Indians approaches them in need of help. They mistake Howard as a medicine man and insist he follow them. A boy had fallen into the river and nearly drowned. He was still unconscious and partly in shock. Howard saves the child and goes back to camp. The Indians follow and demand he come back with them so their debts can be repaid. He makes Dobbs and Curtain continue down the mountain. He will catch up in a few days. Dobbs suggests that they take Howards share of the goods and go north. Curtain being an honest man says he would never do it, not even to Dobbs. Dobbs then draws his gun on Curtain fearing that he will lose his money to his partner. Dobbs is certain that Curtain will murder him in the night and murder him, so he bets him all the gold that he will be able to stay awake longer. .udaafb5102a3927b750cabd56617567e6 , .udaafb5102a3927b750cabd56617567e6 .postImageUrl , .udaafb5102a3927b750cabd56617567e6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udaafb5102a3927b750cabd56617567e6 , .udaafb5102a3927b750cabd56617567e6:hover , .udaafb5102a3927b750cabd56617567e6:visited , .udaafb5102a3927b750cabd56617567e6:active { border:0!important; } .udaafb5102a3927b750cabd56617567e6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udaafb5102a3927b750cabd56617567e6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udaafb5102a3927b750cabd56617567e6:active , .udaafb5102a3927b750cabd56617567e6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udaafb5102a3927b750cabd56617567e6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udaafb5102a3927b750cabd56617567e6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udaafb5102a3927b750cabd56617567e6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udaafb5102a3927b750cabd56617567e6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udaafb5102a3927b750cabd56617567e6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udaafb5102a3927b750cabd56617567e6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udaafb5102a3927b750cabd56617567e6 .udaafb5102a3927b750cabd56617567e6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udaafb5102a3927b750cabd56617567e6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sherlock Holmes: a Game of Shadows Film Reveiw EssayWhen Curtain falls asleep first, Dobbs attacks him and shoots him twice. He then goes to sleep. Meanwhile, an injured Curtain crawls off ending up back at the Indian camp where Howard is. Howard cleans the wounds as curtain explains to him what is going on with Dobbs. Dobbs conscience gets to him, not wanting to leave Curtain to the vultures and not knowing if he is dead. So he goes back to shoot him again and bury him and realizes that he is gone. He takes off, scared that Curtain may still be alive and coming after him. When stopping for water, bandits stop him and kill him, taking all his burros, which carry all his gold and animal hides. Thinking that the bags of gold are only sand to weigh the hides down, they dump the bags and continue on to town. The federales get the bandits, and Howard and Curtain figure out what happened. They got to where the gold was dumped and find nothing there. Howard decides the best thing to do would be to go back with the Indians and serve as their medicine man. He makes Curtain promise that he will go see Codys widow. The movie ends with one of the horses stepping on an empty gold bag as they ride away.

Thursday, March 12, 2020

Constructing the Empire State Building

Constructing the Empire State Building Ever since it was built, the Empire State Building has captured the attention of young and old alike.  Every year, millions of tourists flock to the Empire State Building to get a glimpse from its 86th and 102nd-floor observatories. The image of the Empire State Building has appeared in hundreds of ads and movies. Who can forget King Kongs climb to the top or the romantic meeting in An Affair to Remember and Sleepless in Seattle?  Countless toys, models, postcards, ashtrays, and thimbles bear the image if not the shape of the towering Art Deco building. Why does the Empire State Building appeal to so many? When the Empire State Building opened on May 1, 1931, it was the tallest building in the world - standing at 1,250 feet tall. This building not only became an icon of New York City, but it also became a symbol of twentieth-century mans attempts to achieve the impossible. The Race to the Sky When the Eiffel Tower (984 feet) was built in 1889 in Paris,  it  taunted American architects to build something taller. By the early twentieth century, a skyscraper race was on. By 1909 the Metropolitan Life Tower rose 700 feet (50 stories), quickly followed by the Woolworth Building in 1913 at 792 feet (57 stories), and soon surpassed by the Bank of Manhattan Building in 1929 at 927 feet (71 stories). When John Jakob Raskob (previously a vice president of General Motors) decided to join in the skyscraper race, Walter Chrysler (founder of the Chrysler Corporation) was constructing a monumental building, the height of which he was keeping secret until the buildings completion. Not knowing exactly what height he had to beat, Raskob started construction on his own building. In 1929, Raskob and his partners bought a parcel of property at 34th Street and Fifth Avenue for their new skyscraper. On this property sat the glamorous Waldorf-Astoria Hotel. Since the property on which the hotel was located had become extremely valuable, the owners of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel decided to sell the property and build a new hotel on Park Avenue (between 49th and 50th Streets). Raskob was able to purchase the site for approximately $16 million. The Plan to Build the Empire State Building After deciding on and obtaining a site for the skyscraper, Raskob needed a plan. Raskob hired Shreve, Lamb Harmon to be the architects for his new building. It is said that Raskob pulled a thick pencil out of a drawer and held it up to William Lamb and asked, Bill, how high can you make it so that it wont fall down?1 Lamb got started planning right away. Soon, he had a plan: The logic of the plan is very simple. A certain amount of space in the center, arranged as compactly as possible, contains the vertical circulation, mail chutes, toilets, shafts and corridors. Surrounding this is a perimeter of office space 28 feet deep. The sizes of the floors diminish as the elevators decrease in number. In essence, there is a pyramid of non-rentable space surrounded by a greater pyramid of rentable space. 2 But was the plan high enough to make the Empire State Building the tallest in the world? Hamilton Weber, the original rental manager, describes the worry: We thought we would be the tallest at 80 stories. Then the Chrysler went higher, so we lifted the Empire State to 85 stories, but only four feet taller than the Chrysler. Raskob was worried that Walter Chrysler would pull a trick - like hiding a rod in the spire and then sticking it up at the last minute. 3 The race was getting very competitive. With the thought of wanting to make the Empire State Building higher, Raskob himself came up with the solution. After examining a scale model of the proposed building, Raskob said, It needs a hat!4 Looking toward the future, Raskob decided that the hat would be used as a docking station for dirigibles. The new design for the Empire State Building, including the dirigible mooring mast, would make the building 1,250 tall (the Chrysler Building was completed at 1,046 feet with 77 stories). Who Was Going to Build It Planning the tallest building in the world was only half the battle; they still had to build the towering structure and the quicker the better. For the sooner the building was completed, the sooner it could bring in income. As part of their bid to get the job, builders Starrett Bros. Eken told Raskob that they could get the job done in eighteen months. When asked during the interview how much equipment they had on hand, Paul Starrett replied, Not a blankety-blank [sic] thing. Not even a pick and shovel. Starrett was sure that other builders trying to get the job had assured Raskob and his partners that they had plenty of equipment and what they didnt have they would rent. Yet Starrett explained his statement: Gentlemen, this building of yours is going to represent unusual problems. Ordinary building equipment wont be worth a damn on it. Well buy new stuff, fitted for the job, and at the end sell it and credit you with the difference. Thats what we do on every big project. It costs less than renting secondhand stuff, and its more efficient.5 Their honesty, quality, and swiftness won them the bid. With such an extremely tight schedule, Starrett Bros. Eken started planning immediately. Over sixty different trades would need to be hired, supplies would need to be ordered (much of it to specifications because it was such a large job), and time needed to be minutely planned. The companies they hired had to be dependable and be able to follow through with quality work within the allotted timetable. The supplies had to be made at the plants with as little work as possible needed at the site. Time was scheduled so that each section of the building process overlapped - timing was essential. Not a minute, an hour, or a day was to be wasted. Demolishing Glamor The first section of the construction timetable was the demolition of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel. When the public heard that the hotel was to be torn down, thousands of people sent requests for mementos from the building. One man from Iowa wrote asking for the Fifth Avenue side iron railing fence. A couple requested the key to the room they had occupied on their honeymoon. Others wanted the flagpole, the stained-glass windows, the fireplaces, light fixtures, bricks, etc. Hotel management held an auction for many items they thought might be wanted.6 The rest of the hotel was torn down, piece by piece. Though some of the materials were sold for reuse  and  others were given  away for kindling, the bulk of the debris was hauled to a dock, loaded onto barges, and then dumped fifteen miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Even before the demolition of the Waldorf-Astoria was complete, excavation for the new building was begun. Two shifts of 300 men worked day and night to dig through the hard rock in order to make a foundation. Raising the Steel Skeleton of the Empire State Building The steel skeleton was built next, with work beginning on March 17, 1930. Two-hundred and ten steel columns made up the vertical frame. Twelve of these ran the entire height of the building (not including the mooring mast). Other sections ranged from six to eight stories in length. The steel girders could not be raised more than 30 stories at a time, so several large cranes (derricks) were used to pass the girders up to the higher floors. Passersby would stop to gaze upward at the workers as they placed the girders together. Often, crowds formed to watch the work. Harold Butcher, a correspondent for Londons  Daily Herald  described the workers as right there in the flesh, outwardly prosaic, incredibly nonchalant, crawling, climbing, walking, swinging, swooping on gigantic steel frames.7 The riveters were just as fascinating to watch, if not more so. They worked in teams of four: the heater (passer), the catcher, the bucker-up, and the gunman. The heater placed about ten rivets into the fiery forge. Then once they were red-hot, he would use a pair of three-foot tongs to take out a rivet and toss it - often 50 to 75 feet - to the catcher. The catcher used an old paint can (some had started to use a new  catching  can  made  specifically for the purpose) to catch the still red-hot rivet. With the catchers other hand, he would use tongs to remove the rivet from the can, knock it against a beam to remove any cinders, then place the rivet into one of the holes in a beam. The bucker-up would support the rivet while the gunman would hit the head of the rivet with a riveting hammer (powered by compressed air),  shoving  the rivet into the girder where it would fuse together. These men worked all the way from the bottom floor to the 102nd floor, over a thousand fe et up. When the workers finished placing the steel, a massive cheer rose up with hats  waiving  and a flag raised. The very last rivet was ceremoniously placed - it was solid gold. Lots  of Coordination The construction of the rest of the Empire State Building was a model of efficiency. A railway was built at the construction site to move materials quickly. Since each railway car (a cart pushed by people) held eight times more than a wheelbarrow, the materials were moved with less effort. The builders innovated in ways that saved time, money, and manpower. Instead of having the ten million bricks needed for construction dumped in the street as was usual for construction, Starrett had trucks dump the bricks down a chute which led to a hopper in the basement. When needed, the bricks would be released from the hopper, thus dropped into carts which were hoisted up to the appropriate floor. This process eliminated the need to close down streets for brick storage as well as eliminated much back-breaking labor of moving the bricks from the pile to the bricklayer via wheelbarrows.9 While the outside of the building was being constructed, electricians and plumbers began installing the internal necessities of the building.  The timing  for each trade to start working was finely tuned. As Richmond Shreve described: When we were in full swing going up the main tower, things clicked with such precision that once we erected fourteen and a half floors in ten working days - steel, concrete, stone and all. We always thought of it as a parade in which each marcher kept pace and the parade marched out of the top of the building, still in perfect step. Sometimes we thought of it as a great assembly line - only the assembly line did the moving; the finished product stayed in place.10 The Empire State Building Elevators Have you ever stood  waiting  in a ten - or even a six-story building for an elevator  that seemed to take forever? Or have you ever gotten into an elevator and it took forever to get to your floor because the elevator had to stop at every floor to let someone on or off? The Empire State Building was going to have 102 floors and expected to have 15,000 people in the building. How would people get to the top floors without waiting hours for the elevator or climbing the stairs? To help with this problem, the architects created seven banks of elevators, with each servicing a portion of the floors. For instance, Bank A serviced the third through seventh floors while Bank B serviced the seventh through 18th floors. This way, if you needed to get to the 65th floor, for example, you could take an elevator from Bank F and only have possible stops from the 55th floor to the 67th floor, rather than from the first floor to the 102nd. Making the elevators  faster was another solution. The Otis Elevator Company installed 58 passenger elevators and eight service elevators in the Empire State Building. Though these elevators could travel up to 1,200 feet per minute, the building code restricted the speed to only 700 feet per minute based on older models of elevators. The builders took a chance, installed the faster (and more expensive) elevators (running them at the slower speed) and hoped that the building code would soon change. A month after the Empire State Building was opened, the building code was changed to 1,200 feet per minute and the elevators in the Empire State Building were sped up. The Empire State Building Is Finished! The entire Empire State Building was constructed in just one year and 45 days - an amazing feat! The Empire State Building came in on time and under budget. Because the  Great Depression  significantly lowered labor costs, the cost of the building was only $40,948,900 (below the $50 million expected price tag). The Empire State Building officially opened on May 1,  1931, to a lot of fanfare. A ribbon was cut, Mayor Jimmy Walker gave a speech, and President  Herbert Hoover  lit up the tower with a push of a button. The Empire State Building had become the tallest building in the world and would keep that record until the completion of the World Trade Center in New York City in 1972. Notes Jonathan Goldman,  The Empire State Building Book  (New York: St. Martins Press, 1980) 30.William Lamb as quoted in Goldman,  Book  31 and John Tauranac,  The Empire State Building: The Making of a Landmark  (New York: Scribner, 1995) 156.Hamilton Weber as quoted in Goldman,  Book  31-32.Goldman,  Book  32.Tauranac,  Landmark  176.Tauranac,  Landmark  201.Tauranac,  Landmark  208-209.Tauranac,  Landmark  213.Tauranac,  Landmark  215-216.Richmond Shreve as quoted in Tauranac,  Landmark  204. Bibliography Goldman, Jonathan.  The Empire State Building Book. New York: St. Martins Press, 1980.Tauranac, John.  The Empire State Building: The Making of a Landmark. New York: Scribner, 1995.

Tuesday, February 25, 2020

Universal Design for Learning As It Applies to Early Childhood Special Essay

Universal Design for Learning As It Applies to Early Childhood Special Education - Essay Example Universal design for learning does not offer single solution however, it is a combination of various approaches designed to meet the requirements of children with different kinds of disabilities. One of the major challenges that the universal design for learning faces is the concept of inclusion. Inclusion refers to innovative forms of teaching methods in a regular classroom setup that caters to the educational requirements of the children with disabilities. This method does not involve the movement of children in a set up that offers these services rather it brings these innovative methods of teaching in a regular classroom set up. This new form of teaching ensures that all children attain education equally and understand the contents of the syllabus more effectively. There is lot of controversy about inclusion of universal design for learning in a regular classroom setup. Some consider that it is not a good practice to enforce inclusion on all children while others consider it most appropriate since it meets the requirements of all children irrespective of their disabilities. The educational institutions are recognizing the need for identifying innovative methods of education service delivery. These new techniques of teaching practices will help in imparting equal opportunity of education for the disabled children. ... Moreover, it is not ethical to enforce a certain kind of teaching to students in order to cater the needs of certain segment of students. Since new challenges emerge everyday for the teacher in teaching the disabled children, there has to be reforms made in the field of education. There are both positive and negative impacts of inclusion of the universal design for learning on the current education system. Hence, a holistic understanding of this issue is required in providing effective education to both the categories of children. The proposed study will investigate the students and teachers concepts and beliefs about universal design for learning and the data will be generated using qualitative research method. Artifacts, simple observation and interviews will be the main strategies utilized to generate data. The data generated will be analyzed on an ongoing basis so that new ideas emerge from the data accumulated. This study will be of utmost importance to the children with disabilities and without it. It will also be relevant to the special educators and general teachers. Literary review According to Doty, a strong supporter of Universal design for learning recommends that it should be implemented for all children in a classroom. All the children have different ways of learning. Universal design for learning will provide a broader opportunity of learning to children with disabilities and without it. [Jaehnert, O Malley and Robinson, n. d]. The concept of educational equality can only be attained from a regular classroom setup by introducing universal method of learning. There are teachers who are implementing this technique of teaching

Saturday, February 8, 2020

The Elements Of Job Design. Management Support and Turnover Ratio Essay

The Elements Of Job Design. Management Support and Turnover Ratio - Essay Example While, structuring the job process of an organization, job design considers certain elements which include job rotation, job engineering, job enlargement and job enrichment. Job rotation can be defined as the process of changing the tasks of the employee after certain periods of time in order to reduce the boredom of the employees along with providing new tasks or posts. Job engineering can be stated as the process of designing the working environment according to the prevailing organizational objectives and employees’ requirements. Job enlargement can be described as the process of introducing innovative tasks similar to the assigned tasks. Contextually, job enrichment can be explained as the process of motivating employees by indulging them into the organizational decision making process along with providing certain responsibilities (Scribd. Inc., 2012). With reference to the elements considered in the process of job design, it can be stated that with the assistances of job design an organization can ensure better job retention. This is because the elements help to identify the exact skills of the employees and in relation to the identification of skills the tasks for the employees are assigned. Furthermore, it also helps the organization to satisfy and to motivate the employees to work better along with ascertaining better retention scenario within the organization. Additionally, job design facilitates the organization to innovate new job profiles along with promoting the employees according to the performances to reduce the boredom or monotonic condition that might arise out of work (Scribd. Inc., 2012). If You Have Ever Left A Job Because Of Misalignment With Organizational Goals Or Leadership, Or If You Know Someone Who Has Done So, What Were Areas Of Misalignment That Drove The Decision To Leave The Job? Could Management Have Prevented the Exit, And If Yes, How? From a scenario of personal experience, it has been derived that a person left his job due to certain misalignments that occurred with the organizational goals. The misalignments that have been identified include lack of opportunity for progression or growth and unequal wage structure. After recognizing the problems that led to employee turnover, it can be stated that the organization had the potential to manage or prevent the circumstance. With due consideration to the situation, an organization can

Thursday, January 30, 2020

Good Communication Drives Superior Financial Performance Essay Example for Free

Good Communication Drives Superior Financial Performance Essay According to Watson Wyatt’s 2009-2010 Communication ROI Study, businesses that communicate with courage, innovation and discipline, particularly in tough economic times, are more successful at engaging employees and achieving desired business results. â€Å"Effective internal communication can keep employees engaged in the business and help companies retain key talent, provide consistent value to customers, and deliver superior financial performance to shareholders,† said the study, which included 328 organizations across the world. Watson Wyatt’s newest communications study, like its other ones, found that businesses that communicate effectively with their employees are also the top financial performers. A key finding of the study was that companies that are highly effective communicators had 47 percent higher total return to shareholders over the last five years, compared to firms that are the least-effective communicators. According to the study, the best companies invest in helping leaders and managers communicate with their employees. While the study points out that only three out of 10 organizations are training managers to deal openly with resistance to change, highly effective communicators are more than three times as likely to do this compared to the least-effective communicators. A survey developed by Accountemps ®, a Robert Half Company, points out another reason why good communication equals good business. The survey found that better and more frequent communication with staff members is perhaps the best way to raise employee morale. The survey was conducted by an independent research firm in 2008 and is based on interviews with 150 senior executives from the nation’s 1,000 largest companies. Nearly half of executives who participated in the survey said better communication is the best remedy for low morale. According to the survey, the absence of open and honest communication with staff tops the list of management missteps that can wear down employee morale.

Tuesday, January 21, 2020

No Restraint Needed in Our Response to Terrorism Essay -- September 11

No Restraint Needed in Our Response to Terrorism Many liberals have called for restraint in responding to the September 11 attack on the United States. These groups proclaim that we must not ask "who" committed these horrible crimes but instead ask "why" the killers were so angry at the United States. In other words, what has America done to lead these people to the conclusion that murderous terrorism is the only appropriate action. The liberals contend that the terrorists feel that such monumental wrongdoing have been inflicted upon them, their families and their way of life by the United States that such calamitous actions are the only remedy. The statements by these liberals directly implies that the terrorists who killed more than 5,500 innocent Americans were not themselves responsible for the bloodshed inflicted last September 11 but rather that American actions and policies have unjustly driven otherwise peace-loving human beings to commit unprecedented mass murder - the worst act of terrorism the world has ever seen. In response to these liberals' claim that America is at fault, we would like to point out a few of the American actions that Osama bin Laden has used as a motivational tool to drive his evil co-conspirators into violent, suicidal missions. Perhaps then we can decide whether or not these innocent Americans were truly asking for it, as The statements by these liberals seems to claim. This is the list of "monumental wrongs" that the United States has committed: 1) America supported British and U.N. actions to create the State of Israel in 1948. We have helped provide and protect this homeland for the Jewish people following the slaughter of six million Europe... ..., we were savagely and inhumanely attacked; Bush and company have since reserved judgment to make certain we identify the correct perpetrators before responding in an appropriate and effective manner. The outpouring of faith and patriotism are the only things that are helping those who have been bereaved move on with their lives in these dark days. We hope you liberals, would be ashamed to meet the families of 3,500 victims or to the exhausted firefighters who have been digging mutilated bodies out of the wreckage of two 110-story buildings and the Pentagon. At this moment of grief and pain we should all be proud to stand together and support our fellow Americans. Our leaders need our prayers as do the victims and workers. We don't need divisiveness, nor do we need cowardice masquerading as conscience. May justice be served and God Bless America.

Monday, January 13, 2020

Max Weber †Bureaucracy Essay

Describe the principles of organisation (sometimes known as the ‘classical organisations principles’) in a bureaucracy. What are the pros and cons of working in a bureaucracy? What was Max Weber’s contribution to the study of bureaucracy? At the beginning of the 20th Century, after the industrial revolution began, theories of classical management began to emerge. The industrial revolution was a massive turning point in history and the economic market was transformed for the better. The world average capita increased over tenfold (Maddison, Angus. The World Economy: Historical statistics, 2003). With the increase in the average income, there was an increase in jobs. The downside to this was that managers had a bigger workforce to deal with and were unsure how to train them and deal with them professionally and effectively. Henri Faylor was considered to be the founder of the classical school of organisation. In 1916, he constructed 14 principles or organisation that could be applied worldwide and in all workplaces. His 14 principles are as follows: 1: Division of labour- allocate tasks to specific workers, and then they know their job 2: Authority- Management are in charge and give orders 3: Discipline- employees listen to these orders 4: Unity of command- only one superior gives orders 5: Unity of direction- One manager, one plan 6: Subordination of Individual Interests to the general interests- Business comes first and foremost 7: Remuneration- Fair wage to all workers 8: Centralisation- the allocated decision makers 9: Scalar chain- communication goes through the chain of command 10: Order- allocated place for employees and materials 11: Equity- kindness and fairness from employer to staff 12: Stability of tenure of personnel- keep staff turnover to a low 13: Imitative- praise and reward employees who carry out tasks without being asked 14: Espirit de corps – keep team moral high Faylor, along with Max Weber studied management roles and believed they  found a revolutionary way in which managers should behave in the workplace, train and react towards their staff to increase productivity, therefore profits. Their theories and principles (though have been tweaked and slightly updated) have lasted the test of time and are still being used in many workplaces today. There are three assumptions based on the classical theory 1-The relationship between employees and management is defined by means of formal structured communication process, defined tasks, defined accountability, and formalised procedures and practices, defined tasks, defined accountability, and formalised procedures and practices to avoid any conflict in their relationship. 2-Workers have been treated as economic man who can be motivated by means of money only. 3-Workers have been considered as a product of means of production or as a cog in the wheel. (International Research Journal of Finance and E conomics-Issue 41, pg 61, 2010) The theories and principles of classic management play a major part in bureaucracy. The rules and guidelines of bureaucracy are very clear and can be identified easily. The higher up in the company you are, the more power and authority you have. The lower you are placed in the company; you will have little to no authority. The principles of bureaucracy are as follows 1- Hierarchy of authority: Managers sit at the top of the hierarchy. They give orders and commands and their subordinates must obey. 2-Unity of command: each member of staff deal with one superior and only one! They will deal with this superior for all reasons concerning work – tasks, problems etc 3-Task specialisation: workers with specialised knowledge will use this to carry out specialised tasks. 4-Responsibilities and job descriptions: Each employee follows their allocated job. They know what is exactly required from them at work. 5-Line and staff functions: Staff managers are there to serve the company and to help make it a success. Staff mangers are not there to carry out primary purposes. (DuBrin, Andrew, Essentials of management, pg257, 2009) Max Weber’s part in classical management is very much geared towards bureaucracy and believed its the most efficent way to organise a successful business. Weber felt that too many businesses were being ran on a personal level and that owners/managers should not treat their staff as friends, but  their attitude towards their subordinates should be strictly professional. Weber argued that a professional relationship would not only be beneficial to the buisness, but also to the staff. Staff would know their job role clearly and any promotions made would be given to members of staff based on their hard work ethic and not on their personality or personal relationship with the the employer. Weber outlined the charcteristics of bureaucracy as follows: 1-A continuous organisation of official functions are bound by rules. 2-Specialised – Staff know exactly what is expected of the. 3-A clearly defined hierachy of offices- Each official knows who to report to. 4-Rules – a re clear and all members of staff are made aware of them. 5-Impersonal- equality to all. No hatred or favourtism. 6-Free selection of appointed officials- officials are appointed through qualifications and not through bias or favour. 7-Full-time paid officials- the higher the hirearchy rank, the higher the pay. 8-Career officials- promotions is based only on merit and not by favour. 9-Private/public split – business and private life are completely seperate. 10-Discipline and control within the workplace. (www.HRMguide.com) Bureaucracy made modern civilisation possible (DuBrin, Andrew, Management essentials, 2012, pg265) Bureaucracy is severely required in large firms – without it there would not be structure and therefore the businesses would not run in an orderly manner, therefore would not thrive and expand. Without expanding businesses we would not have the privilidge of such advanced technologies, certain medicines and many other luxuries we all enjoy today. Labour is divided out in a bureaucracy, therfore all staff members know there job and what is exactly expected of them. If an employee is good at their job, it gives them confidence in what they’re doing, therefore makes them more at ease within their workplace. Rules and guidelines are explained to them from the outset, so discrepancies are generally kept to a minimum. As I outlined before, bureaucracy allows those within a workplace to be promoted on the basis of their skills and work ethic rather than being promoted because of their personality or  personal relationship with higher management. Weber highly advocated his principles, but he was also aware that it would not be without fault. He even pointed out a fault of bureaucracy himself – â€Å"Iron cageof control†. This refers to Weber’s feelings that when individuals work within a bureaucracy, they get â€Å"trapped in a system that is purely based on teleological effeiceny, rational calculation and control† (www.corwin.com) Weber’s views on bureacracy have also come under scrutiny from fellow sociologists. Argytis (1957) argued that people who follwed classical management theories were more likely to be unhappy and fail within the workplace. He felt that people working within a democracy are treated like children, they work to a short term perspective and have minimal control over their working lives – adults don’t respond well to being treated this way at work and therfore will not respond well towards the company/business. Another disadvantage of working in a democrac y is what is referred to as ‘Red Tape’. This refers to all the paperwork and procedures that is required when working in a demococracy. Weber’s views were that this negative impact was not meant to be included in his theories. When a bereacratic form has been implimented within a workplace, its very hard to remove, so therefore employers who wish to change the dynamics of their business and get away from a bureacratic form may find this a very lenghtly and costly process to do so. Generally, companies want their staff to use their time at work produtively and effectively – time is wasted in a bureaucracy as the chain of command is used, therefore employees speak to their senior, who then report to theirs and so forth. If an employee were able to go straight to the manager in charge, this would save time and money – profit in a company is crucial to keep it running. There are two main types of organisation structure. The flat structure and the tall structure. The flat structure represents organisations with few levels in the hierarchy which have a broad control span, as opposed to the tall structure which has more levels however more focused areas of control. There are many benefits of the flat structure. As there are fewer hierarchical levels there is less ‘administrative distance’ between grades which makes communication a lot easier. It also makes the organisation a  lot more personal without contradicting Weber’s principle of keeping professional relationships. Also, as the span of control is so vast it is vital to employ competent employees to ensure a smooth operational process, resulting in a better workforce and meeting business objectives. However the main disadvantage of this structure is perhaps the authoritarian structure itself. In order for this structure to function properly there must be a definite split between superiors and suborinates otherwise the authority levels are undermined. Group conflicts are more likely in a â€Å"them versus us† situation, and if a manager socialises with their staff they are merging the statuses of the groups. Communications between subordinates often become a problem, as there is no difference in authority between the grades. Then there is the tall structure, which many people often prefer because of the number of hierarcical levels. This gives more scope for promotion prospects which in turn generates a motivated workforce. Certain orginisations require this form of structure, one of the best examples being the military and its rank structure. It has many levels of authority, which is more effective when dealing with instant decisions and rapid adaptations ‘on the ground’. Other organisations like this are the fire service, police and hospitals. So both structures have pros and cons, and work well in different situations. Whichever structure may fit the organisation better it is plain to see that a bureaucracy benefits it more than it would disadvantage it. Being in a bureaucracy is better for the company, and the staff within it, resulting in a better managed and motivated workforce which is turn increases productivity and professionalism. Bibliography DuBrin, Andrew. Essentials of management, 2009. DuBrin, Andrew. Essentials of management, 2012. International Research Journal of finance and economics – issue 41, 2010 Maddison, Angus. The World Economy Historical statistics, 2003 www.corwin.com (visited site on 12/11/2012) www.HRM.guide.com (visited site on 12/11/2012 Word count including quotes and references-1722

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accounting theory Essay - 1980 Words

3101AFE Accounting Theory and Practice Tutorial Questions for Tutorials 1- 6: Semester 2 2014 TUTORIAL 1 - Semester 2 2014 Deegan Topic 1: Introduction to financial accounting theory QUESTION 1 - Question 1.8: What is the difference between developing a theory by induction and developing a theory by deduction? QUESTION 2 - Question 1.9: Is the study of financial accounting theory a waste of time for accounting students? Explain your answer. QUESTION 3 - Question 1.26: Would you reject as ‘insignificant and useless’ a positive theory of accounting on the basis that in a particular research study the results derived failed to support the hypotheses and the related theory? Explain your answer. QUESTION 4 – Question†¦show more content†¦You are required to do the following: (a) Explain from a public interest theory perspective the rationale for the government introducing the legislation and how the government will ultimately assess whether any proposed legislation should actually be introduced. (b) Predict from a capture theory perspective the types of constituents that will benefit in the long run from any social and environmental disclosure legislation. (c) Predict from an economic interest group theory perspective whether any potential legislation to be introduced will lead to an increase in the accountability of corporations in relation to their social and environmental performance despite any implications that this increased corporate accountability might have for the financial success of large but heavily polluting organisations. TUTORIAL 3 - Semester 2 2014 Deegan Topics 4 and 5: International accounting and The conceptual framework project QUESTION 1 - Question 4.19: It is often argued that the accounting standards of the FASB are rule-based, whereas the accounting standards issued by the IASB are principles-based. Rules-based standards by their nature can be quite complex, particularly if they seek to cover as many situations as possible. Do you think it would be easier to circumvent the requirements of rules-basedShow MoreRelatedPositive Accounting Theory2425 Words   |  10 PagesCompare and contrast normative and positive accounting approaches: Definition of PAT: Watts and Zimmerman (1986) defined Pat as a theory that seeks to explain and predicts particular phenomenon. It is concerned with explaining accounting practice. The three basic hypotheses as outlined by Watts and Zimmerman (1978) underlying PAT are: 1. 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