APWH Rome and China Notes

There were 3 wars, and the Romans won every time. This war turned Rome from a small city state to an empire. When they won this war, they got land, slaves, and wealth. This caused the Patricians to benefit greatly, but the plebeians did not. This caused a larger gap between the rich and poor. D The roman army started recruiting people and pay them for their service. This is when the Roman army shifts from a citizenship army to a Professional army. This change = very Important. The USA is now a professional army too and we also have a wealth gap. We are the modern day Rome. Republic In Crawls (146-31 BCC) a Patricians wanted to malting their privileges so they wanted to support political parties that would benefit the rich. B Plebeians wanted to support ones that would help the poor. This caused an outbreak and a loss of respect for the law (murder, and overall breaking laws) When people begin to not care about the law the republic started to fall. D Julius Caesar came from a Patricia n family, but made everyone love him. He tried to help the Plebeians too. He then got himself elected Consul for life. But, they assassinated Caesar because they thought he had too much power.They thought that they were saving the Republic, but his friends and family (Octavia {nephew} and Marc Antonym {friend)) They hunted down and killed everyone who was involved in killing Julius. But, Marc and Octavia hated each other, but they worked or with each other in memory of Julius. So, they broke out in a Civil war over who would have control of Rome. Octavia won, even though Marc Antonym had the help of Cleopatra behind him. After he won, Antonym and Cleopatra committed suicide. So, Peace= long period of Roman Prosperity) (31 BCC-ACE)- Octavia made governors that ruled each city state and he appointed them.They eventually dominated. F The Romans built things- Arches and Concrete were what they used. Concrete was good because you could mix it on site and it was easy to make. The arch was good because the more weight at the top the more weight got funneled through the columns award the ground which made it harder to destroy. They made aqueducts which transferred water from mountain stream to city. They had to keep it moving to keep it clean, so on flat areas they had to elevate it and have it gradually go down so it would keep moving. G They also had bath houses that they built.They were like spas with gyms, and they were segregated for women and men. Paid for by the state. H Coliseum- entertainment provided by state, the state provided so much so no one could or would complain and try to over throw them. 60,000 people could sit in the Coliseum and it has a retractable awning/roof. You could flood they floor and have mock naval battles. They used the violent acts to educate the people in the Punic Wars and promote Rome and its victories. I They also built basilicas that were like court houses that were also used for church structure on Sunday when there was no court .J Made use of the dome with a hole in the rooftop give light. When it rains, there is grated floor that can funnel the water off to the side. K They built roads to connect the empire I Bridges over water which helped make everything connected. M Walls to protect the frontier. N Ceremonial arches that commemorated war victories A level of urban life that no one had ever seen before. A When Vesuvius erupted, it preserved the city perfectly. This is good for us to help us see how life was then for them. B SLAVES- slaves had to wear a belt so you knew who they were. Legal system believed that people were innocent until proven guilty. 2 DECLINE AND FALL- Diocletian (tried to persecute Christianity and divided the empire between and east and west. This is important because they Western Roman empire collapses but the east rises into (180-476 BCC) a They had to satisfy the people like they had always been doing, but they over time ran out of slaves and $ to do it. Germanic Tribes (Anglo Sa xons, Franks, Goths) Hung also swept across central Asia and invaded Central Europe which displaces may Germanic tribes. They took advantage of this and moved in to western roman empire and took over.Western Empire fallen different people trying to compete for power) 3 classical belief systems then made Legalism- top down kind of way of looking at things. Imagine you're a coach of an unruly team with a bad coach before. The quickest way to whip them into shape is to give them clear rules and punishments, and it would generally work. It uses fear psychology because if people are scared then they do what you want. The biggest proponent of this kind of government was Sin Shih currency, text and punished people severely if they used something else.Began the great wall of China- built by slaves with staggering numbers of slaves that died. Tomb and Terracotta Army- obsessed w longevity or not dying. As he was dying, he had a tomb built that was in a secret place that no one at all could k now. In the tomb there were thousands of terracotta warriors with a river of mercury. It was accidentally discovered in the 20th century and is now a tourist attraction When he died, his successor was overthrown because everyone hated the Sin dynasty, but legalism did help them to get out of the warring states period.After he died, the Han dynasty came to power (206-220 BCC) Confucianism was the beliefs of the Han dynasty Sports ex: I am the coach and I think that I will train us to win, I value everyone's contributions. I Just expect you to work hard and so will l. If legalism is about fear- Confucianism is about respect for each other and honor. Capital Changed (Asian) outside is the Weaning Palace and is one of the largest Palace complexes in the world. About 100 football fields.

Sociological Theory in Sports Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Sociological Theory in Sports - Coursework Example Skinner, Zakus & Edwards (2005) posit that sociology theory may contribute to the discussion regarding the development of sport management practices and policies.   This essay aims to analyze the significance of sociology theory to sports management by studying modern sports issues.This paper is concerned with how sports play a role in fostering social inclusion to aid in social inclusion and community development. According to Coalter (2007), there have been two sports policies brought up: to increase social and sports participation trough geographically targeted programs in socially deprived locations and to emphasize the contribution that sports volunteering can make to activate citizenship.Relatively, sports sociology is still a new term. Chalip, Thomas & Voyle (1996) defines it as the study of â€Å"the sportsperson as a sociological being in a particular context† Giddens (1997). He also postulates that it includes the study of contemporary social models which influence sport, specifically those that have lasted. They also believe that sports sociology is morally bound to consider the process and results of inequality and ignorance that exist in sport. Sociology also allows the range of common beliefs practices and attitudes to be reviewed and analyzed with the sole purpose of giving the best quality of sporting experience to shareholders. Chalip, Thomas & Voyle (1996) discuss the value of the sociological theory relation in four areas: as a stimulus for new ideas, the ability to clarify or to destroy myths surrounding sports, theoretical or hypothesis testing in sports research, and allowing the explanation and generalization of the sport.In the past decade, sport and recreational policy makers have had to adjust globalization and neoliberal processes since they affect social, economic and state activities, including those of social and community development. The governments' methods to shift from support and financial provision for sport and oth er embedded liberalism provisions to modern neoliberal state ones resulted in significant changes Coalter (2007). In the â€Å"neo-liberal† state private-public partnerships, tax advantages for corporate social duty, and the reduction of social solidarity are key aspects of the new institutional frameworks.  According to Thompson (2004), this implies that development and community level sport should operate under market conditions and frameworks inherent in neoliberalism and globalism. This means that sport should fulfill two roles: traditional sport development system for society and elite sport programs; as a function of legislation, programs, policies, funding, and sports management, secondly, where a sport is employed as a platform to deal with issues in the society and offer opportunities for disadvantaged members of the society. Research proves that one of the biggest challenges facing the disadvantaged is to find a community which they can identify with and belong un der declining social program provision and persistent breakdown of social solidarity (Atherley, 2006).Long term reliability and sustainability in delivering social outcomes is essential to the success of these developments through sport participation programs. Modern society demands additional flexibility and choice. The challenge for the traditional sports sector in most places is to move beyond current sport delivery norms and provide a range of products at low cost locally developed opportunities and extended public, private and third sector social capital programs. According to Giddens (1997), there is always a risk relying on these predominantly volunteer organizations to determine social outcomes.In such as the United Kingdom, there is an opportunity for the organizations to establish long term programs to support the use of sport to engage the community to deliver positive social outcomes. Partnerships between the traditional sports organization and the community-based organi zations could be forged to support participation in sports across the time from outreach to mainstream participation (Atherley, 2006).

Galileo in Rome Book Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Galileo in Rome Book Report - Essay Example It deals with a series of events climaxing into Galileo’s trial by the Tribunal of the Inquisition charging him of heresy. The charge against him was brought regarding his publication, Dialogue of the Two Chief World Systems in 1632. Through this publication Galileo expressed his views on certain fundamental scientific truth. The authors are, William R Shea, who held the chair of History of Science at the University of Padua at the time of writing this book, and Mariano Artigas, Professor of Philosophy of Science at the University of Navarra. They came by Galileo’s correspondence in the archive, which was the entire source on which this book is based. They actually speak of two Inquisitions, one in 1616 and the other in 1633. The trial is to be seen in the light of that age when science was just in an emerging state and people were not ready to part with the age-old traditional concepts and embrace challenges of scientific hypotheses. Galileo made his first trip to Rome as an unemployed youth in search of a university job. At this time he found favor with the leading Jesuit Mathematician Christopher Clavius, and perhaps met the future Cardinal Robert Bellarmine also who would play a significant role in Galileo’s future. His second trip to Rome was a glorious experience in his lifetime. He was already a famous professor. The celestial bodies observed through the telescope and their subsequent publication made him famous throughout the world of the intelligentsia. The Jesuit astronomers supported his discoveries, and Cardinal Bellarmine felicitated Galileo on his wonderful achievement. Galileo was granted a membership in the prestigious Accademia dei Lincei. Galileo’s third trip to Rome was clouded with antagonism against his active support for Copernicus and his heliocentric theory in his Letters to the Grand Duchess of Tuscany. The work on sunspots aggravated the suspicion. The authors narrate a series of events that sealed Galileo’s fate.

Evolution and its understanding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Evolution and its understanding - Essay Example While the existing models of evolution may not be able to account for every single question that a person may have regarding the origin of mankind and other forms of life on earth, it is definitely the most plausible explanation that can be offered at this point in history. The fact that it exists in contradiction to many of the central tenets of many religions must not hinder one from seeing the scientific nature of the theories of evolution. The beneficial nature of such a rational approach as far as the understanding of society is concerned is something that needs to be looked at and analyzed with great care and rigor.Believing in evolution necessarily may not lead one to believe evolution. By believing evolution, one would be asserting one’s belief in the scientific theories of evolution that is often considered to be a part of the heading of evolution. These would then mark out that person as a supporter of scientific rationality and the idea that the beginning of life wa s in unicellular organisms that then evolved into larger organism that then differentiated into more and more complex organisms. To believe in evolution would refer to a belief in a system of change that characterized the progress of mankind to its present position. This could then have been aided by any other force other than nature. It could be a supernatural force that may have enabled a particular form of progress and made possible a particular trajectory as far as the development of mankind is concerned.

The Individual American Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Individual American Experience - Essay Example Ortiz expounds on the influence of language in forming one's identity in an essay called "The Language We Know." In it, he counters the notion that English is only unifying factor in the American Experience. Ortiz was raised in an Acoma-speaking family. The power of these years upon his creative self-concept is clear. Ultimately; he defines "American" as some permutation of pretense and dispossession. He recalls his father's skill as stoneworker with sandstone and mud to build pueblos - the time, persistence, patience, and the belief that the walls might stand forever (188). He believed working with his father influences his writing (189). Both are methods of continuity. Both are ways in which a people may hold near to themselves (187). Although writing is his profession, building is always his trade. McBride challenges common and popular notions of insular identities based on simplified racial categories in his book called The Color of Water: a Black Man's Tribute to His White Mother. He counters the notion that racial difference is the defining factor in the African American experience. His dominant narrative is that of self-discovery through the rediscovery of ancestry. Ultimately; he defines "American" as a combination of eclecticism and hardship. This book is written uniquely. Chapter by chapter, it toggles between his mother's experiences of growing up in America with his own. His mother details the strict rules of Orthodox Judaism and how they affected her (16). Although his mother is white, she lives in a black world and refuses to acknowledge her whiteness (37). James lives in a home of "orchestrated chaos" (66). He sees his house as a combination three-ring circus and zoo. He describes some of his siblings - his sister Helen, the rebel; Rosetta, the resident queen of th e house; his brother Dennis, the civil rights activist and artist with aspirations of becoming a doctor. The whites at his mother Ruth's school hated Jews, and in public, James becomes ashamed of his white mother (98). 1n 1941, Ruth's Bubeh died. Ruth decided to return to New York (155). Her father tried to get her to stay; she refused. He told her that if she married a black man, she could never come home again. In 1992, while standing in front of a synagogue in Suffolk, James acknowledges his own connection to the synagogue and to Judaism (189). Abu-Jaber reveals tensions between American and Jordanian cultures in a work called The Language of Baklava: a Memoir. In it, she counters the notion that one Americanizes in some sterile standardized way. For example, her father learns to hail strangers greeting men and women alike with the same greeting: "Hey, bud!" As such, she I grows up thinking of all Americans as Bud (34). Abu-Jaber tells the story of growing up in upstate New York with periodic transplants to Jordan. Her dominant narrative seems to be stories of being raised by a food-loving Jordanian father and Bedouin tents. She completes her work with recipes illuminating American and Jordanian and painting the complex portrait of her displaced father who cooked as a method of continuing the past with the present. Ultimately; she defines "American" as being like her father's relationship with food. His daughters knowing how to feed themselves and others in ways that help define them as people. Drawing from my own personal

Relationship Analysis Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Relationship Analysis - Research Paper Example Although these numerable theories are not a â€Å"how to† manual, but a means of getting deeper understanding into the natures of relationships between human beings. Three of these theories, offer interesting approaches as to how to understand romantic couplings and how and why people participate in interpersonal relationships. Firstly, Social Exchange Theory, as well as, two of the conceptual theories that fall under the umbrella of Social Exchange Theory, Equity Theory and Interdependence Theory. History Social Exchange Theory became popularized in the 1960s and 1970s. It works under the principle that all of human relationship behaviors are based on an exchange process. Through this they each can work to maximize rewards and avoids or minimize costs. This mental, and unconscious, a process allow the partners to measure whether their time, energy, money, and efforts balance with what they receive (Cherry, 2013). This theory has been influenced and enhanced by behavioral psyc hology, which explains that human being will repeat the behaviors that have resulted with rewards in the past. As well, as supported by Utilitarian logic, that if one receives more than the other, one will inevitably take advantage of the other (Plunkett, 2013). Simply meaning that one partner in a relationship becomes the primary giver and the other the primary receiver. Once these behaviors become habitual it will likely, not change. Equity Theory is based on the belief that people are innately drawn or desire to be treated well and valued fairly within the relationships they participate. Now, this does not necessarily mean that each partner will contribute in the same ways to the relationship, but as long as the parties involved find the relationship agreeable the a sense of balance, fairness, and equality that people wish. Unfortunately, we all do not necessarily agree on the definition of fairness is. This is when perceived imbalance can occur. When one member is not receiving positive reinforcements they may abandon the relationship. In turn, it is, also, possible for a partner who feels that the other gives much more than they do they may feel distress or guilt about this imbalance, even when that imbalance is in their favor (Deshmukh, 2011). â€Å"†¦Interdependence exists when the accomplishment of each individual’s goals is affected by the actions of others† (qtd. in Johnson & Johnson, 2013). In other words the personal successes and failures of each partner can be intertwined with one another. The theory explains that there are two types of Interdependence, positive, or cooperative, and negative, or competitive. Positive and cooperative interdependence is reflected in relationship where both partners feel that they cannot reach their goals without their partner, also, achieving their goals. Many might consider that the exact example of a committed, dedicated and equal relationship. The successes and failure are intertwined. Negativ e interdependence occurs when the partners in a relationship are competitive. One’s success can only be achieved by sacrificing the best interests of the other (Johnson & Johnson, 2013). Interestingly enough, if one partner is seeking positive interdependen

King Hussein bin Talal Essay Example for Free

King Hussein bin Talal Essay Many individuals desire power to create change and leave a mark in history. Though some were successful in achieving this, many were left to do their part and contribute to the betterment of many. One man was able to do this and create his own legacy; an unending desire to develop and create his lasting marks both in the Muslim and Western world. This man, a born leader and dreamer, is King Hussein bin Talal of Jordan. Born in November 14, 1935 from Prince Talal bin Abdullah and Princess Zein al-Sharaf bint Jamil, the young King Hussein possessed the leadership and skill that can surpass his father (King Hussein. gov, 2006). Along with his two siblings, King Hussein lived a happy life full of luxuries and on one day creating a legacy of his own in Jordan. Since the Muslim believed in the traditional transfer of power to the direct descendants of Mohammed, he was being groomed to assume the throne as the forty second generation descendant, when the time comes (American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise, 2009). At such a young age, then Prince Hussein saw the violence of the world when an assassination attempt took his grandfather’s life (King Abdullah). There was a story wherein Prince Hussein was saved from the assassination because of the medal his grandfather gave him wherein in the future he forever cherished the most (American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise, 2009). Due to this sudden turn of events, Prince Hussein’s father, King Talal assumed the throne. However his reign was not going to last for long because of an illness. During his father’s reign, Prince Hussein dedicated his life in the study of politics, law and proved to be a scholar in different areas. He devoted his lifetime towards the pursuit of information and new ideas. His mind was very open to changes and dreamed to improve the welfare of his country (King Hussein. gov, 2006). Not long shall he realize that he will assume the throne of his father and become one of the most prominent figures in the Muslim world. King Hussein’s formal accession to the throne came in two years after his father was proven to mentally incapacitated and unable to lead. Seeing this, formal procedures were made to appoint the next successor and deal with the current issues surrounding Jordan during that time. â€Å"A Regency Council was appointed until King Hussein’s formal accession to the throne on May 2, 1953, when he assumed his constitutional powers after reaching the age of eighteen, according to the Islamic calendar† (American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise, 2009, p. 1). At a young age of 18, the new King Hussein was a vibrant and energetic fellow. However, his reign was immediately put to the test with the recent challenges and hurdles impeding Jordan’s growth. There were issues of poverty and unemployment in the country. He needed to enact changes immediately to help and sustain the growth of the state and improve the welfare of his countrymen. With this, he primarily focused his ideas and interests in creating and developing the economy and its key industries. He looked into what can make the country benefit more and sought to improve and intensify them with the incorporation of technology during that time. He believed that by devoting his time on this, he can have a competitive advantage over other states. Among these vital sectors include (1) phosphate, (2) potash and (3) cement (King Hussein. org, 2006). Also, King Hussein understood that for trade to increase and develop there must be an available path to vital locations and commercial areas. That is why another of his first projects included linking the many cities of Jordan using an effective highway system. This was a good strategy for the Kingdom because it enabled mobilization and easier access for communication, goods and trade. At this rate, he knew that after a while, changes will start to manifest and help develop the country towards its desired objectives. With his interest in implementing change, many developments have been seen even in the first five years of his reign. Overall, he proved to be a mover towards growth and a powerhouse in giving out what needs to be done. It is reported that during 1950, only 10% of Jordanians have access to clean water, however this has gone up to 99% during his reign as king (King Hussein. org, 2006). Though his interests were focused on the development of the economy, King Hussein never neglected the needs of his people. He believed that the Jordanians are a huge asset towards growth and improvement (American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise, 2009). That is why he also pursued to develop Jordan’s healthcare system and administered cheap but effective treatment to those who need it most. â€Å"UNICEF statistics show that between 1981 and 1991, Jordan achieved the world’s fastest annual rate of decline in infant mortality -from 70 deaths per 1000 births in 1981 to 37 per 1000 in 1991, a fall of over 47%† (American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise, 2009, p. 1). In foreign policy and international relations, King Hussein has always been considered a pacifist. He never wanted to engage in conflict with other states and sought ways to deepen and enhance relationships especially among Muslim countries. In his 45 years of reign as king, he was one of the promoters of implementing peace in the Middle East. He operated and cooperated with the rules and tenets of international organizations such as the United Nations and used it as a model to denounce conflict and war (King Hussein. org, 2006). This was particularly evident as he was a mediator in many conflicts such as the Madrid Peace Conference, the 1994 Peace Treaty, and the 1990-1991 Gulf Crisis (King Hussein. org, 2006). This is important to point out because he wanted peace and tolerance among states either in political and religious affairs. It is through this belief that he modeled his country to be and advocate liberty, human rights and equality among all citizens. With this move, he next sought to democratize the country by offering his power towards citizens via parliamentary elections. It is in here that he amended the Jordanian constitution and sought to include tenets of liberal democratization and political pluralism during the 90’s (American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise, 2009). As far as his personal life is concerned, he had a happy family. He is married to Queen Noor on June 15, 1978 and had 12 children from three different wives. During his past time, away from politics and international relations, he focused his attention on sports such as racing, motorcycles and aviation (King Hussein. org, 2006). At the same time, this did not stop him from writing and he was able to publish three books which are â€Å"Uneasy Lies the Head (1962), about his childhood and early years as king, My War With Israel (1969), and Mon Metier de Roi† (American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise, 2009). However, later in his life, King Hussein has been suffering from different ailments. â€Å"He had surgery for a cancerous kidney in 1992, and had six months of chemotherapy for non-Hodgkins lymphoma at the Mayo Clinic in 1998† (American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise, 2009). The world was shocked when they found out that he died of cancer. Though he did leave Jordan grieving, he left yet another contribution that forever shall be remembered and cherished. â€Å"King Husseins directive to provide Internet access for every Jordanian school highlights yet another aspect of his enduring legacy† (King Hussein. org, 2006). In the end, King Hussein exemplified what really is to be a leader. His grasp of power was used to move not only his country but the world forward. His contributions enveloped change and made his nation prosper. It is wise therefore that his name Al-Malik Al-Insan (â€Å"The Humane King†) be bequeathed accordingly and be recognized as one of the captivating leaders of modern times. Reference American-Isreali Cooperative Enterprise (2009) King Hussein bin Talal in Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved March 5, 2009 from, http://www. jewishvirtuallibrary. org/jsource/biography/Hussein. html King Hussein. org (2006) Biography. Retrieved March 5, 2009 from, http://www. kinghussein. gov. jo/biography. html